The National Monument to Victor Emmanuel II, also known as the Altar of the Fatherland or simply Il Vittoriano, is a huge memorial located in Rome, Italy, erected in honor of the first king of unified Italy, Victor Emmanuel II.

This monumental tribute is located between Piazza Venezia (Venice Square) and the Capitoline Hill. Its design is due to Giuseppe Sacconi in 1885, although its inauguration took place in 1911, and the completion of the works lasted until between 1924 and 1927.

The monument is majestically erected with white marble extracted from the quarries of Botticino, near the city of Brescia. This marble can be seen in the grandiose staircases and Corinthian columns that adorn the structure. In addition, there are numerous fountains and sculptures representing King Victor Emmanuel himself, as well as two statues of the goddess Victory with their respective chariots. The dimensions of the structure are 35 meters wide and 40 meters high, and when the quadriga and the wings of the goddesses are included, it reaches a total height of 61 meters.

At the base of the monument is the museum dedicated to the unification of Italy, which commemorates this historic process.

Inside the Monument to Victor Emmanuel II there is also a mausoleum housing the unknown soldier, accompanied by an "eternal flame", established after the First World War following the vision of General Giulio Douhet. The body of the unknown soldier was selected by Maria Bergamas in the Austro-Hungarian village of Gradisca d'Isonzo, coming from a young man who deserted from the Austro-Hungarian army to join the Regio Esercito (Italian army) and was missing in action during the First World War. He was chosen among 11 unidentified bodies of soldiers and sailors of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946). The body was transported from Aquileia, where the ceremony with Bergamas took place, to Rome between October and November 1921.