Better known as Torre Bellesguard, Casa Figueras was designed by the modernist architect Antoni Gaudí and built between 1900 and 1909, although various secondary works continued until 1916, when they were completed by Gaudí's assistants. It is located at the foot of the Collserola mountain range in Barcelona, in the district that was once the old town of San Gervasio de Cassolas, now an integral part of the city of Barcelona.
On the land where the house was built there was a castle erected in medieval times by Martin I the Humane, the last king of Aragon belonging to the House of Barcelona. It was this monarch who christened the place Bellesguard, because of its magnificent panoramic view of the plain of Barcelona. Of this ancient castle, there were some remains of a wall and two half-ruined towers that Gaudí integrated into the project for the house. With this inspiration, the architect designed a complex reminiscent of a medieval castle, which stands out for its great verticality and its solutions close to Gothic architecture, although with a strong personal stamp, as is characteristic of all his works.
Gaudí had the collaboration of Domingo Sugrañes, who made the tiled benches at the entrance door, the tiled wainscot of the staircase, the porter's house and the well house; and Juan Rubió, who built the viaduct to divert the road that passed through the estate.
This work belongs to Gaudí's Neo-Gothic period, a period in which the architect was inspired above all by medieval Gothic art, which he took on in a free and personal way, with the aim of improving its structural solutions. Neo-Gothic was at that time one of the most successful historicist styles, especially as a result of the theoretical studies of Viollet-le-Duc.
The author designed a neo-Gothic project, for which he respected the remains of the old medieval castle as much as possible. As always, he tried to integrate the architecture into the surrounding natural setting, and so he built the building with the slate stone he found in the area. The building has a square ground plan measuring 15 m x 15 m and 19.5 m in height, with a floor area of 900 square metres. The corners of the square face the four cardinal points, which also coincide with the four arms of the cross that crowns the tower. It has two attached sections: the gallery of the hall, which is chamfered, and the stairwell, which is topped by a tall tower crowned with a four-armed cross, typical of Gaudí's work.
The interior of the building contrasts with the exterior due to its whiteness and luminosity, which contrasts with the grey tone of the slate outside. The semi-basement housed the stables, the ground floor was used for the servants' quarters, the main floor for the dining room, living rooms and bedrooms, and the attic for the laundry. The walls are covered with plaster and lime paint, with undulating forms in a Mudejar style.
The semi-basement has a vaulted ceiling with a segmental barrel vault with lunettes, supported by cylindrical pillars with Byzantine-style capitals.
The 10-metre-high entrance hall has a false vault with lobed arches, a fountain by Sugrañes and a seven-metre-high lamp with a polyhedral shape - made up of 22 triangular faces - and stained-glass windows of intense colours. Gaudí's assistant also made the wainscot of the staircase, made of tiles with figures of dragons and roosters, in allusion to the coat of arms of Margarita de Prades. In the corner there is a bell and, on one wall, an iron sculptural plaque in relief depicting Saint George slaying the dragon, together with the inscription Déu vos guard.
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