Park Güell is a public park with gardens and architectural elements located in the upper part of the city of Barcelona, in the foothills of the Collserola mountain range.
Conceived as a housing estate, the park was designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí, the leading exponent of Catalan Modernisme, and commissioned by the businessman Eusebi Güell, to whom it owes its name. Built between 1900 and 1914, it was inaugurated as a public park in 1926.
Gaudí conceived the park with a religious as well as an organic and urbanistic sense, as he took advantage of the 60-metre slope of the mountain - whose height ranges from 150 to 210 m - to plan a path of spiritual elevation, which would lead to a chapel at its summit - which was not built in the end - on the site currently occupied by the monument to Calvary (or the hill of the Three Crosses).
From the entrance hall there is a flight of steps leading to the Hypostyle Hall - intended as a market hall for the development - built between 1900 and 1903. Divided into two sections, it has 45 steps, in three flights of eleven steps and one of twelve, with a total length of 20 m and a width of 8.1 m. The central point of the park is the park's central point.
The central point of the park is a huge oval-shaped square - the Place de la Nature - measuring 2694 m² (86 m long by 43 m wide), built between 1907 and 1913. According to the original plan, the central square was intended to be a Greek theatre, suitable for community gatherings and for holding cultural and religious events. The outside of the square contains a cornice covered with lion's head gargoyles for rainwater drainage, as well as triglyphs and small figures in the shape of water droplets.
In the grounds of the park, on the Rosary path, is the Gaudí House-Museum, where the architect lived from 1906 until 1925, a few months before his death, when he took up residence in the Sagrada Família workshop. Here he lived with his father, Francesc Gaudí Serra, who died in 1906 at the age of 93, and his niece, Rosa Egea Gaudí, who died in 1912 at the age of 36. Designed by his assistant Francesc Berenguer between 1904 and 1906, it was built as a show house for the development, until it was acquired by Gaudí when it was clear that the project would fail. It is a basement house with three floors, two terraces and a high tower crowned by a cross and a weather vane, surrounded by a rustic garden enclosed by a low wall, with a pergola of parabolic arches covered with jasmine. The decoration, with ceramic elements and sgraffiti, is in the modernist style and shows Berenguer's influence on his master.
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