The Areopagus, also known as the "Hill of Ares", is an elevation west of the Acropolis, where the Council met from 480 B.C. to 425 A.D. Geologically, this hill is a monolith of blue-gray marble, with red veins, which rises 115 m high and overlooks the Agora of Athens. At the summit and on the slopes, there are cuts in the rock that form platforms, the only vestiges of ancient buildings.

According to legend, its name comes from the trial of Ares, acquitted by the gods for the death of Halirrotio, son of Poseidon, who had raped Alcipe, daughter of Ares. Orestes is also said to have been tried there for killing his mother Clytemnestra. In its beginnings, the Council of the Areopagus was linked to the king and composed exclusively of eupatrides. Their influence grew as royal power waned, until the 7th century BC, when they came to rule.

After Solon's reforms, the members were elected from among the archons, representing the wealthy as opposed to the aristocrats, although they ceased to be so exclusive. This court controlled the magistrates, interpreted the laws and judged murderers. Although Clístenes limited their powers, they maintained their relevance until the Medical Wars. With the evolution of democratic institutions, their functions became inconsistent. In 487 BC, the archons lost prestige and political power as they were chosen by lot instead of from among the most prominent in society. Ephipaltes, in 462 BC, removed them from the custody of the constitution, reducing their competence. Although they retained their judicial function, they lost political importance.