The Acropolis of Athens, considered the most emblematic among the Greek acropolis, was the elevated part of the city with both defensive and religious functions in most Greek cities. Located on a hill rising 156 meters above sea level, it is also known as Cecropia in honor of Cecrope, the legendary serpent-man, the first Athenian king.

To access the Acropolis, one passed through an imposing gate called the Propylaea. To the right and in front of this entrance was the Temple of Athena Nike, where in its center stood an outstanding bronze statue of Athena, created by Phidias. Further to the right stood the Parthenon or Temple of Athena Parthenos, known as the Virgin. On the far left of the Acropolis was the Erechtheion, famous for its stoa supported by six caryatids. On the southern slope of the Acropolis, there were the remains of other buildings, highlighting the Theater of Dionysus, an open-air theater where authors such as Sophocles, Aristophanes and Aeschylus premiered their works.

Most of the imposing temples were rebuilt during the rule of Pericles, during the golden age of Athens.