The Synagogue of the Water is a building located in the historic center of Úbeda, where a series of rooms that had remained hidden for centuries have been discovered. According to some investigations, these spaces could have been part of a medieval synagogue, although their identification has not yet been officially confirmed. One of the most significant elements found inside is a mikveh, a Jewish ritual bath used for purification.

The discovery was made by chance during the demolition of several houses, when capitals and other remains of archaeological interest began to appear. Over a period of two years, a detailed study was carried out, revealing several hidden structures in the building. In 2010, the complex was opened to the public, allowing visitors to tour the various rooms.

Among the recovered spaces is an arcaded courtyard, with two original columns decorated with palm leaf capitals, symbol of the Jewish menorah. The main hall, located below street level, is divided into three naves separated by pointed arches, which remained hidden within the walls of old houses. At an upper level is the women's gallery, a space that, according to Jewish tradition, was intended for women and children during religious ceremonies. In addition, the building has a cellar, built under a lowered barrel vault and equipped with large half-buried jars that were used to store oil and other products. The mikveh, intended for ritual baths, meets the requirements of Judaism in terms of size and continuous circulation of water to prevent stagnation.

Despite the significance of the find, the authenticity of the site as a synagogue remains a matter of debate. In November 2011, some experts pointed out that, due to the lack of documentation and conclusive archaeological studies, it cannot be stated with certainty that the building was originally a Jewish temple.