Pirámides de Güímar

The Pyramids of Güímar or Majanos de Chacona are located in the municipality of Güímar on the east coast of the island of Tenerife.

The Pirámides de Güímar Ethnographic Park offers the visitor the possibility of contemplating these stepped constructions.

The pyramids of Güímar are historically framed in the 19th century, a time of economic exploitation in the Canary Islands of the cochineal, a parasitic insect of the tunera or prickly pear from which a dye that was highly appreciated at that time was synthetic dyes had not been introduced.

The exploitation of the cochineal was very profitable, so much so that numerous farms were prepared for its exploitation which, until now, had remained sterile due to the poor quality of the soil, normally formed by volcanic stones.

The stones extracted in the cleaning of these farms were stored forming pyramidal structures like those of Güímar.

Many examples of these agricultural constructions still exist today and until a few years ago the oral memory of the elders of the Güímar valley recalled these cleaning and piling up of stones.

In the case of those of Güímar, there is both a notarial deed of purchase of the estate, dated 1854, in which the presence of the pyramids is not mentioned, and a partition document, dated 1881, in which these structures are mentioned for the first time.

In 1991, Belmonte, Esteban and Aparicio, researchers from the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, discovered that the main complex of the Pyramids of Güímar is astronomically oriented. This complex marks, on the one hand, the sunset on the day of the summer solstice and, on the other, the sunrise on the day of the winter solstice. They also discovered the phenomenon of the "double setting" of the sun on the day of the summer solstice: the Sun first sets behind a ledge on the edge of the Pedro Gil caldera, reappears for an instant after overcoming said ledge and finally hides by the bottom of the boiler.

The solstice orientations made some think that the Pyramids were ancient temples. There is, however, no indication of this and, in any case, by itself, the solstice orientation does not allow us to conclude anything regarding the date of construction.

Article obtained from Wikipedia article Wikipedia in his version of 27/10/2020, by various authors under the license Licencia de Documentación Libre GNU.

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