La Peña de los Enamorados is a limestone rock located in the municipality of Antequera, in the province of Malaga, Andalusia, Spain. It rises 874 meters above sea level and is located in the vicinity of the A-92 highway and the old N-342, covering 117 hectares of landscape of cultural interest.

This place has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, forming part of the Dolmens of Antequera together with the dolmen of Menga, the dolmen of Viera, the tholos of El Romeral and the mountain range of El Torcal.

The archaeological importance of this area is remarkable since the Lower Paleolithic, evidenced by the high level of occupation that Antequera has had throughout history. To the east of the Peña there are numerous sites, such as Los Olivillos, Los Olivillos III, Cerro de la Virgen, Frente Camino de Peralta, Caserío de Lerva II, Casería Nueva, Casería de la Mancha, Casería San Antonio, Los Portones de la Puebla, Partido Alto I, Partido Alto II, Arroyo Adelfas, Camino San Felipe, Huerta Ciprés and Huerta Palero. The location of the site determines structures that are uniquely adapted to the orography of the terrain, generating a unique landscape, and studies have documented a stratigraphic sequence that begins in the post-Paleolithic period and extends to the Roman and medieval period. In addition, this settlement stands out as one of the westernmost within the orbit of the Argar Culture and constitutes a fundamental enclave of the Final Bronze Age in the interior lands of Malaga, offering keys to study the substratum prior to the appearance of the Phoenician settlements on the coast.

The first superficial occupation of the rock is traditionally associated with the Bronze Age in a full horizon, evidenced by ceramic materials in which the smoothed, spatulate or burnished work predominates, present in bowls, carinated vessels, large pots and daggerboards. The presence of cists elaborated with limestone slabs places this first moment in an Argaric context. During prospecting work, eroded elements were detected on the western slope of the rock that indicate a slightly older settlement, with abundant bell-shaped pottery and evidence of intense metallurgical activity oriented to copper processing. After a hiatus in the Late Bronze Age, the hillside was reoccupied in the Late Bronze Age, as evidenced by the presence of pottery typical of that period, especially carinated dishes with good surface treatment. The location of the site facilitated the defense and control of routes to the Antequera valley, and the burials were carried out by burials in cists within the habitational nucleus.

The Roman period is reflected in the site by scattered ceramic remains and structures, with a necropolis located in an area near the Guadalhorce River and the road that connected Antikaria with Ilíberis, following the traditional pattern of the time. The tombs are characterized by their gabled tile roofs, and their materials date from the first to the fourth century AD. In the medieval period, ceramic and constructive remains have been found on the surface, as well as structures that are traditionally interpreted as defensive.

At the base of the northwest face of the Peña is located the shelter of Matacabras, a fundamental landmark for its connection with the Archaeological Ensemble of the Dolmens of Antequera, in particular with the dolmen of Menga, whose central axis points towards this shelter. The tomb is oriented towards the northeast, to the north of the sunrise in the summer solstice, an arrangement considered totally unusual in this context. Inside are preserved paintings with red motifs, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic, of post-Paleolithic chronology.

The legend associated with the Peña de los Enamorados adds a romantic and tragic touch to its history. Its shape recalls the face of a reclining woman and is named after a late medieval story in which, after a battle between Muslims and Christians, a supposed Christian commander is captured. This prisoner falls in love with the daughter of the Muslim king, and as they plan to flee together, they are pursued by the king. Arriving at the peak of the rock and being cornered, they decide to throw themselves into the void in a last embrace, seeking eternal union. The tragic death of the lovers would have led to peace between the two sides. At the top of the rock stands a stone statue representing a young woman and a man embracing, and it is said that at sunset, when the sun bathes the rock in reddish flashes, it is a reflection of the blood spilled by these lovers. This legend was told by the humanist and neo-Latin poet from Antequera, Juan de Vilches, in his work published in Seville in 1544.