The dolmen of Viera is a megalithic monument recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since July 15, 2016 and as an Asset of Cultural Interest. This monument is located in the first enclosure of the archaeological complex of the Dolmens of Antequera, next to the dolmen of Menga, in the monumental area known as Campo de los Túmulos.

It is the prototype of the corridor tomb, belonging to the Atlantic tradition, built with large vertical and horizontal stones. Its orientation is directed towards the sunrise during the equinoxes. The dolmen has a square chamber, measuring 210 cm high and 180 cm wide, located at the end of a corridor of 21 meters, which is 185 cm high and 120 cm wide. In the exterior section of the north side of the corridor, some of the orthostats exhibit hollows or "cazoletas", typical of schematic art, and in its interior remains of reddish paint and signs of oxidation can be appreciated. The entire structure is covered with a 50-meter diameter mound, similar to that of the Menga dolmen.

Built approximately between 3510 and 3020 B.C. during the Neolithic period, the dolmen was discovered in February 1903 by the brothers José Viera Fuentes and Antonio Viera Fuentes, officials of the Antequera Town Hall. Initially it was called the Cueva Chica (Small Cave), as opposed to the larger Menga Cave. Later, the archaeologist Manuel Gómez-Moreno Martínez renamed it the "Viera dolmen" in honor of the brothers who discovered it.

The first documented restoration was carried out in 1941 by the architect Francisco Prieto-Moreno y Pardo, who proceeded to clean the corridor, install three steps to facilitate access, rebuild the slopes with stones and repair the gate for its closure. The last intervention, carried out in 2004 by the architect Ciro de la Torre Fragoso, was aimed at solving conservation problems derived from filtrations in the tumulus. During this process, the structures were consolidated, the drainage was improved and the exterior image was recreated by re-building the tumulus and formalizing the atrium, an image that can still be seen today.

The cultural value of the dolmen of Viera resides in its character of prototype in the Iberian Peninsula, especially for its orientation to the dawn in the spring and autumn equinoxes. This arrangement allows the sunlight to penetrate to the edge of the burial chamber on those days, symbolizing the transition from life to death and from light to darkness. Such alignment marks the extremes of the solar path during the equinoxes, reflecting the importance of the four seasons for the Neolithic farming communities of the Antequera region, builders of these megaliths. This phenomenon has been studied by the archaeoastronomer Michael Hoskin in his work on the orientations of tombs and temples in the Mediterranean.

The level of protection of the Viera dolmen has been consolidated over time. In 1923, it was declared together with the Menga dolmen as a National Monument. Subsequently, in 2009, the dolmens of Antequera were recognized as an archaeological area of Cultural Interest, covering both the dolmen of Menga and Viera and the tholos of El Romeral. Finally, in 2016, they were included in the World Heritage figure as part of the Antequera Dolmens Site.