The domes and vaults that surround and crown the Holy Chapel of the Basilica of the Pilar are decorated with frescoes painted in different stages. In 1753, Antonio González Velázquez, after training in Rome, painted the elliptical dome over the Santa Capilla, depicting scenes of the construction of the chapel and the Coming of the Virgin, as well as biblical female figures on the pendentives. His work stands out for the influence of the Rococo style.

In 1772, the decorative works were resumed with the intervention of Francisco de Goya, who painted the vault of the Coreto with the Adoration of the Name of God and later the dome known as Regina Martirum. However, his free style did not convince the chapter, which generated tensions and removed him from the project. Francisco Bayeu, a court painter, decorated the vaults Regina Sanctorum Omnium and Regina Angelorum, while his brother Ramón completed three other domes with the dedications Regina Virginum, Regina Patriarcharum and Regina Confessorum.

In the second half of the 19th century, after the damages of the War of Independence, the decoration of the main dome continued. Bernardino Montañés directed the project, which included paintings of the Coronation of the Virgin, the Aragonese martyrs, holy bishops and other religious figures, the work of outstanding Aragonese artists such as Marcelino de Unceta, Francisco Lana, Mariano Pescador and León Abadías. The latter also painted the evangelists on the pendentives.

In the 20th century, Ramón Stolz completed part of the interior decoration. In 1941 he painted the vault over the choir loft with the Allegory of Music and in 1955 the elliptical dome with the Allegory of the Rosary. He also painted two frescoes on the walls: the Miracle of Calanda and the Surrender of Granada.